Muster Books and Pay Lists (WO 12/8741 & 8806): 84th (Royal Highland Emigrants) Regiment of Foot: 1778-1798

War Office 12, generated by the Commissary General of Musters Office, comprises the Household troops, the cavalry, Guards and regular infantry regiments of the line; as well as, special regiments or corps, colonial troops and various foreign legions and troops.

The muster rolls record the name, rank, military station and pay period of each soldier while they were with the regiment. They were prepared by the commanding officer of each company of a regiment for the purpose of paying the officers and soldiers. During a muster, each man was physically checked against his name on the roll and a note was made if their circumstances had changed since the last muster, for example, on duty, recruiting, sick, furlough, deserted, transferred or died. In addition, notes related to officers include promoted, absent, and resigned. Pay lists record rate of pay.

Three regiments have ranked successively as the 84th Foot. The first was the 84th Foot of 1758-64 raised in England by the famous Sir Eyre Coote. A second 84th regiment was raised on the outbreak of the American War of Independence to defend the province of Quebec and Atlantic Canada from the constant land and sea attacks by the Americans and consisted of two battalions wearing full highland garb. Pertaining to this period, the first battalion was raised in Canada and commanded by Colonel Allan Maclean; the 2nd battalion was raised in Nova Scotia and commanded by Major General John Small. Recruiting was directed mainly at highlanders, many who had fought in the Seven Years' War. The two battalions operated independently of each other and saw little action together. During the American War of Independence, the Colonel of the 84th was Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton until Lieutenant General Sir Guy Carleton took over in 1783. In 1779, the regiment was finally commissioned as a member of the Regular Establishment as the 84th (Royal Highland Emigrants) Regiment of Foot, and its officers were supplied with commissions in the permanent army. Pertaining to the 2nd battalion, Captain Alexander McDonald commanded the companies in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. For operational command he came under the Commanding General for Nova Scotia and his administrational command came from Major Small in New York.

The 1st battalion's involvement included the following:

• 1775 Moore's Creek Bridge, North Carolina
• 1775 Siege of Fort St. Jean, Quebec.
• 1775 Battle of Quebec.
• 1778 Raid on Lake Champlain.
• 1780-82 Raids into the Mohawk Valley, New York.

To protect the Atlantic from American privateers, the 2nd battalion was scattered around different locations at different times: Fort Cumberland (Amherst), Fort Howe at the mouth of the Saint John River, Fort Edward at Windsor which became the headquarters, Fort Ann at Annapolis, Fort Cornwallis (Kentville), Fort Frederick (Placentia, Newfoundland), Sydney Mines Battery (Spanish River, Sydney) and Halifax including detachments at Fort Needham (Halifax), Fort Sackville (Bedford), Fort Charlotte (George's Island) and Spry East Battery. Here are some of its involvement:

• 1776 Charlestown, South Carolina; two companies of the battalion engaged in the Battle of Fort Sullivan.
• 1776-78 Battle of Newport Rhode Island; two companies participated.
• 1777 Fought at Fort Howe, Saint John.
• 1777 Captured a fort at an important privateering port in Castine, Maine on the Penobscot River.
• 1778 Raid on Cape Sable Island by American privateers, under command of Ronald MacKinnon; destroyed vessel.
• 1780 Five companies sent South with General Leslie, stopped first in Virginia briefly before proceeding to reinforce General Cornwallis at Charlestown.
• 1780-81 Served in the field under General Leslie, then Lt. Col. Lord Rawdon, and lastly Lt. Col. Alexander Stuart at the Battle of Eutaw Springs, the last major battle in the Carolinas. Here it was commanded by Captain Robert Campbell at this battle.

The battalions were disbanded in Canada and Nova Scotia in 1784. In 1793 the third 84th Foot was raised.